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GNU Info File | 1993-11-30 | 22.3 KB | 525 lines

This is Info file gcc.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.54 from the input
file gcc.texi.

   This file documents the use and the internals of the GNU compiler.

   Published by the Free Software Foundation 675 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

   Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
that the sections entitled "GNU General Public License" and "Protect
Your Freedom--Fight `Look And Feel'" are included exactly as in the
original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
one.

   Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions, except that the sections entitled "GNU General Public
License" and "Protect Your Freedom--Fight `Look And Feel'", and this
permission notice, may be included in translations approved by the Free
Software Foundation instead of in the original English.


File: gcc.info,  Node: Misc,  Prev: Cross-compilation,  Up: Target Macros

Miscellaneous Parameters
========================

`PREDICATE_CODES'
     Define this if you have defined special-purpose predicates in the
     file `MACHINE.c'.  This macro is called within an initializer of an
     array of structures.  The first field in the structure is the name
     of a predicate and the second field is an array of rtl codes.  For
     each predicate, list all rtl codes that can be in expressions
     matched by the predicate.  The list should have a trailing comma.
     Here is an example of two entries in the list for a typical RISC
     machine:

          #define PREDICATE_CODES \
            {"gen_reg_rtx_operand", {SUBREG, REG}},  \
            {"reg_or_short_cint_operand", {SUBREG, REG, CONST_INT}},

     Defining this macro does not affect the generated code (however,
     incorrect definitions that omit an rtl code that may be matched by
     the predicate can cause the compiler to malfunction).  Instead, it
     allows the table built by `genrecog' to be more compact and
     efficient, thus speeding up the compiler.  The most important
     predicates to include in the list specified by this macro are
     thoses used in the most insn patterns.

`CASE_VECTOR_MODE'
     An alias for a machine mode name.  This is the machine mode that
     elements of a jump-table should have.

`CASE_VECTOR_PC_RELATIVE'
     Define this macro if jump-tables should contain relative addresses.

`CASE_DROPS_THROUGH'
     Define this if control falls through a `case' insn when the index
     value is out of range.  This means the specified default-label is
     actually ignored by the `case' insn proper.

`CASE_VALUES_THRESHOLD'
     Define this to be the smallest number of different values for
     which it is best to use a jump-table instead of a tree of
     conditional branches.  The default is four for machines with a
     `casesi' instruction and five otherwise.  This is best for most
     machines.

`WORD_REGISTER_OPERATIONS'
     Define this macro if operations between registers with integral
     mode smaller than a word are always performed on the entire
     register.  Most RISC machines have this property and most CISC
     machines do not.

`LOAD_EXTEND_OP (MODE)'
     Define this macro to be a C expression indicating when insns that
     read memory in MODE, an integral mode narrower than a word, set the
     bits outside of MODE to be either the sign-extension or the
     zero-extension of the data read.  Return `SIGN_EXTEND' for values
     of MODE for which the insn sign-extends, `ZERO_EXTEND' for which
     it zero-extends, and `NIL' for other modes.

     This macro is not called with MODE non-integral or with a width
     greater than or equal to `BITS_PER_WORD', so you may return any
     value in this case.  Do not define this macro if it would always
     return `NIL'.  On machines where this macro is defined, you will
     normally define it as the constant `SIGN_EXTEND' or `ZERO_EXTEND'.

`IMPLICIT_FIX_EXPR'
     An alias for a tree code that should be used by default for
     conversion of floating point values to fixed point.  Normally,
     `FIX_ROUND_EXPR' is used.

`FIXUNS_TRUNC_LIKE_FIX_TRUNC'
     Define this macro if the same instructions that convert a floating
     point number to a signed fixed point number also convert validly
     to an unsigned one.

`EASY_DIV_EXPR'
     An alias for a tree code that is the easiest kind of division to
     compile code for in the general case.  It may be `TRUNC_DIV_EXPR',
     `FLOOR_DIV_EXPR', `CEIL_DIV_EXPR' or `ROUND_DIV_EXPR'.  These four
     division operators differ in how they round the result to an
     integer.  `EASY_DIV_EXPR' is used when it is permissible to use
     any of those kinds of division and the choice should be made on
     the basis of efficiency.

`MOVE_MAX'
     The maximum number of bytes that a single instruction can move
     quickly from memory to memory.

`MAX_MOVE_MAX'
     The maximum number of bytes that a single instruction can move
     quickly from memory to memory.  If this is undefined, the default
     is `MOVE_MAX'.  Otherwise, it is the constant value that is the
     largest value that `MOVE_MAX' can have at run-time.

`SHIFT_COUNT_TRUNCATED'
     A C expression that is nonzero if on this machine the number of
     bits actually used for the count of a shift operation is equal to
     the number of bits needed to represent the size of the object
     being shifted.  When this macro is non-zero, the compiler will
     assume that it is safe to omit a sign-extend, zero-extend, and
     certain bitwise `and' instructions that truncates the count of a
     shift operation.  On machines that have instructions that act on
     bitfields at variable positions, which may include `bit test'
     instructions, a nonzero `SHIFT_COUNT_TRUNCATED' also enables
     deletion of truncations of the values that serve as arguments to
     bitfield instructions.

     If both types of instructions truncate the count (for shifts) and
     position (for bitfield operations), or if no variable-position
     bitfield instructions exist, you should define this macro.

     However, on some machines, such as the 80386 and the 680x0,
     truncation only applies to shift operations and not the (real or
     pretended) bitfield operations.  Define `SHIFT_COUNT_TRUNCATED' to
     be zero on such machines.  Instead, add patterns to the `md' file
     that include the implied truncation of the shift instructions.

     You need not define this macro if it would always have the value
     of zero.

`TRULY_NOOP_TRUNCATION (OUTPREC, INPREC)'
     A C expression which is nonzero if on this machine it is safe to
     "convert" an integer of INPREC bits to one of OUTPREC bits (where
     OUTPREC is smaller than INPREC) by merely operating on it as if it
     had only OUTPREC bits.

     On many machines, this expression can be 1.

     When `TRULY_NOOP_TRUNCATION' returns 1 for a pair of sizes for
     modes for which `MODES_TIEABLE_P' is 0, suboptimal code can result.
     If this is the case, making `TRULY_NOOP_TRUNCATION' return 0 in
     such cases may improve things.

`STORE_FLAG_VALUE'
     A C expression describing the value returned by a comparison
     operator with an integral mode and stored by a store-flag
     instruction (`sCOND') when the condition is true.  This
     description must apply to *all* the `sCOND' patterns and all the
     comparison operators whose results have a `MODE_INT' mode.

     A value of 1 or -1 means that the instruction implementing the
     comparison operator returns exactly 1 or -1 when the comparison is
     true and 0 when the comparison is false.  Otherwise, the value
     indicates which bits of the result are guaranteed to be 1 when the
     comparison is true.  This value is interpreted in the mode of the
     comparison operation, which is given by the mode of the first
     operand in the `sCOND' pattern.  Either the low bit or the sign
     bit of `STORE_FLAG_VALUE' be on.  Presently, only those bits are
     used by the compiler.

     If `STORE_FLAG_VALUE' is neither 1 or -1, the compiler will
     generate code that depends only on the specified bits.  It can also
     replace comparison operators with equivalent operations if they
     cause the required bits to be set, even if the remaining bits are
     undefined.  For example, on a machine whose comparison operators
     return an `SImode' value and where `STORE_FLAG_VALUE' is defined as
     `0x80000000', saying that just the sign bit is relevant, the
     expression

          (ne:SI (and:SI X (const_int POWER-OF-2)) (const_int 0))

     can be converted to

          (ashift:SI X (const_int N))

     where N is the appropriate shift count to move the bit being
     tested into the sign bit.

     There is no way to describe a machine that always sets the
     low-order bit for a true value, but does not guarantee the value
     of any other bits, but we do not know of any machine that has such
     an instruction.  If you are trying to port GNU CC to such a
     machine, include an instruction to perform a logical-and of the
     result with 1 in the pattern for the comparison operators and let
     us know (*note How to Report Bugs: Bug Reporting.).

     Often, a machine will have multiple instructions that obtain a
     value from a comparison (or the condition codes).  Here are rules
     to guide the choice of value for `STORE_FLAG_VALUE', and hence the
     instructions to be used:

        * Use the shortest sequence that yields a valid definition for
          `STORE_FLAG_VALUE'.  It is more efficient for the compiler to
          "normalize" the value (convert it to, e.g., 1 or 0) than for
          the comparison operators to do so because there may be
          opportunities to combine the normalization with other
          operations.

        * For equal-length sequences, use a value of 1 or -1, with -1
          being slightly preferred on machines with expensive jumps and
          1 preferred on other machines.

        * As a second choice, choose a value of `0x80000001' if
          instructions exist that set both the sign and low-order bits
          but do not define the others.

        * Otherwise, use a value of `0x80000000'.

     Many machines can produce both the value chosen for
     `STORE_FLAG_VALUE' and its negation in the same number of
     instructions.  On those machines, you should also define a pattern
     for those cases, e.g., one matching

          (set A (neg:M (ne:M B C)))

     Some machines can also perform `and' or `plus' operations on
     condition code values with less instructions than the corresponding
     `sCOND' insn followed by `and' or `plus'.  On those machines,
     define the appropriate patterns.  Use the names `incscc' and
     `decscc', respectively, for the the patterns which perform `plus'
     or `minus' operations on condition code values.  See `rs6000.md'
     for some examples.  The GNU Superoptizer can be used to find such
     instruction sequences on other machines.

     You need not define `STORE_FLAG_VALUE' if the machine has no
     store-flag instructions.

`FLOAT_STORE_FLAG_VALUE'
     A C expression that gives a non-zero floating point value that is
     returned when comparison operators with floating-point results are
     true.  Define this macro on machine that have comparison
     operations that return floating-point values.  If there are no
     such operations, do not define this macro.

`Pmode'
     An alias for the machine mode for pointers.  Normally the
     definition can be

          #define Pmode SImode

`FUNCTION_MODE'
     An alias for the machine mode used for memory references to
     functions being called, in `call' RTL expressions.  On most
     machines this should be `QImode'.

`INTEGRATE_THRESHOLD (DECL)'
     A C expression for the maximum number of instructions above which
     the function DECL should not be inlined.  DECL is a
     `FUNCTION_DECL' node.

     The default definition of this macro is 64 plus 8 times the number
     of arguments that the function accepts.  Some people think a larger
     threshold should be used on RISC machines.

`SCCS_DIRECTIVE'
     Define this if the preprocessor should ignore `#sccs' directives
     and print no error message.

`NO_IMPLICIT_EXTERN_C'
     Define this macro if the system header files support C++ as well
     as C.  This macro inhibits the usual method of using system header
     files in C++, which is to pretend that the file's contents are
     enclosed in `extern "C" {...}'.

`HANDLE_PRAGMA (STREAM)'
     Define this macro if you want to implement any pragmas.  If
     defined, it should be a C statement to be executed when `#pragma'
     is seen.  The argument STREAM is the stdio input stream from which
     the source text can be read.

     It is generally a bad idea to implement new uses of `#pragma'.  The
     only reason to define this macro is for compatibility with other
     compilers that do support `#pragma' for the sake of any user
     programs which already use it.

`DOLLARS_IN_IDENTIFIERS'
     Define this macro to control use of the character `$' in identifier
     names.  The value should be 0, 1, or 2.  0 means `$' is not allowed
     by default; 1 means it is allowed by default if `-traditional' is
     used; 2 means it is allowed by default provided `-ansi' is not
     used.  1 is the default; there is no need to define this macro in
     that case.

`NO_DOLLAR_IN_LABEL'
     Define this macro if the assembler does not accept the character
     `$' in label names.  By default constructors and destructors in
     G++ have `$' in the identifiers.  If this macro is defined, `.' is
     used instead.

`NO_DOT_IN_LABEL'
     Define this macro if the assembler does not accept the character
     `.' in label names.  By default constructors and destructors in G++
     have names that use `.'.  If this macro is defined, these names
     are rewritten to avoid `.'.

`DEFAULT_MAIN_RETURN'
     Define this macro if the target system expects every program's
     `main' function to return a standard "success" value by default
     (if no other value is explicitly returned).

     The definition should be a C statement (sans semicolon) to
     generate the appropriate rtl instructions.  It is used only when
     compiling the end of `main'.

`HAVE_ATEXIT'
     Define this if the target system supports the function `atexit'
     from the ANSI C standard.  If this is not defined, and
     `INIT_SECTION_ASM_OP' is not defined, a default `exit' function
     will be provided to support C++.

`EXIT_BODY'
     Define this if your `exit' function needs to do something besides
     calling an external function `_cleanup' before terminating with
     `_exit'.  The `EXIT_BODY' macro is only needed if netiher
     `HAVE_ATEXIT' nor `INIT_SECTION_ASM_OP' are defined.

`INSN_SETS_ARE_DELAYED (INSN)'
     Define this macro as a C expression that is nonzero if it is safe
     for the delay slot scheduler to place instructions in the delay
     slot of INSN, even if they appear to use a resource set or
     clobbered in INSN.  INSN is always a `jump_insn' or an `insn'; GNU
     CC knows that every `call_insn' has this behavior.  On machines
     where some `insn' or `jump_insn' is really a function call and
     hence has this behavior, you should define this macro.

     You need not define this macro if it would always return zero.

`INSN_REFERENCES_ARE_DELAYED (INSN)'
     Define this macro as a C expression that is nonzero if it is safe
     for the delay slot scheduler to place instructions in the delay
     slot of INSN, even if they appear to set or clobber a resource
     referenced in INSN.  INSN is always a `jump_insn' or an `insn'.
     On machines where some `insn' or `jump_insn' is really a function
     call and its operands are registers whose use is actually in the
     subroutine it calls, you should define this macro.  Doing so
     allows the delay slot scheduler to move instructions which copy
     arguments into the argument registers into the delay slot of INSN.

     You need not define this macro if it would always return zero.


File: gcc.info,  Node: Config,  Next: Index,  Prev: Target Macros,  Up: Top

The Configuration File
**********************

   The configuration file `xm-MACHINE.h' contains macro definitions
that describe the machine and system on which the compiler is running,
unlike the definitions in `MACHINE.h', which describe the machine for
which the compiler is producing output.  Most of the values in
`xm-MACHINE.h' are actually the same on all machines that GNU CC runs
on, so large parts of all configuration files are identical.  But there
are some macros that vary:

`USG'
     Define this macro if the host system is System V.

`VMS'
     Define this macro if the host system is VMS.

`FAILURE_EXIT_CODE'
     A C expression for the status code to be returned when the compiler
     exits after serious errors.

`SUCCESS_EXIT_CODE'
     A C expression for the status code to be returned when the compiler
     exits without serious errors.

`HOST_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN'
     Defined if the host machine stores words of multi-word values in
     big-endian order.  (GNU CC does not depend on the host byte
     ordering within a word.)

`HOST_FLOAT_WORDS_BIG_ENDIAN'
     Define this macro to be 1 if the host machine stores `DFmode',
     `XFmode' or `TFmode' floating point numbers in memory with the
     word containing the sign bit at the lowest address; otherwise,
     define it to be zero.

     This macro need not be defined if the ordering is the same as for
     multi-word integers.

`HOST_FLOAT_FORMAT'
     A numeric code distinguishing the floating point format for the
     host machine.  See `TARGET_FLOAT_FORMAT' in *Note Storage Layout::
     for the alternatives and default.

`HOST_BITS_PER_CHAR'
     A C expression for the number of bits in `char' on the host
     machine.

`HOST_BITS_PER_SHORT'
     A C expression for the number of bits in `short' on the host
     machine.

`HOST_BITS_PER_INT'
     A C expression for the number of bits in `int' on the host machine.

`HOST_BITS_PER_LONG'
     A C expression for the number of bits in `long' on the host
     machine.

`ONLY_INT_FIELDS'
     Define this macro to indicate that the host compiler only supports
     `int' bit fields, rather than other integral types, including
     `enum', as do most C compilers.

`EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX'
     Define this macro if the host system uses a naming convention for
     executable files that involves a common suffix (such as, in some
     systems, `.exe') that must be mentioned explicitly when you run
     the program.

`OBSTACK_CHUNK_SIZE'
     A C expression for the size of ordinary obstack chunks.  If you
     don't define this, a usually-reasonable default is used.

`OBSTACK_CHUNK_ALLOC'
     The function used to allocate obstack chunks.  If you don't define
     this, `xmalloc' is used.

`OBSTACK_CHUNK_FREE'
     The function used to free obstack chunks.  If you don't define
     this, `free' is used.

`USE_C_ALLOCA'
     Define this macro to indicate that the compiler is running with the
     `alloca' implemented in C.  This version of `alloca' can be found
     in the file `alloca.c'; to use it, you must also alter the
     `Makefile' variable `ALLOCA'.  (This is done automatically for the
     systems on which we know it is needed.)

     If you do define this macro, you should probably do it as follows:

          #ifndef __GNUC__
          #define USE_C_ALLOCA
          #else
          #define alloca __builtin_alloca
          #endif

     so that when the compiler is compiled with GNU CC it uses the more
     efficient built-in `alloca' function.

`FUNCTION_CONVERSION_BUG'
     Define this macro to indicate that the host compiler does not
     properly handle converting a function value to a
     pointer-to-function when it is used in an expression.

`HAVE_VPRINTF'
     Define this if the library function `vprintf' is available on your
     system.

`MULTIBYTE_CHARS'
     Define this macro to enable support for multibyte characters in the
     input to GNU CC.  This requires that the host system support the
     ANSI C library functions for converting multibyte characters to
     wide characters.

`HAVE_PUTENV'
     Define this if the library function `putenv' is available on your
     system.

`NO_SYS_SIGLIST'
     Define this if your system *does not* provide the variable
     `sys_siglist'.

`USE_PROTOTYPES'
     Define this to be 1 if you know that the host compiler supports
     prototypes, even if it doesn't define __STDC__, or define it to be
     0 if you do not want any prototypes used in compiling GNU CC.  If
     `USE_PROTOTYPES' is not defined, it will be determined
     automatically whether your compiler supports prototypes by
     checking if `__STDC__' is defined.

`NO_MD_PROTOTYPES'
     Define this if you wish suppression of prototypes generated from
     the machine description file, but to use other prototypes within
     GNU CC.  If `USE_PROTOTYPES' is defined to be 0, or the host
     compiler does not support prototypes, this macro has no effect.

`MD_CALL_PROTOTYPES'
     Define this if you wish to generate prototypes for the `gen_call'
     or `gen_call_value' functions generated from the machine
     description file.  If `USE_PROTOTYPES' is defined to be 0, or the
     host compiler does not support prototypes, or `NO_MD_PROTOTYPES'
     is defined, this macro has no effect.  As soon as all of the
     machine descriptions are modified to have the appropriate number
     of arguments, this macro will be removed.

     Some systems do provide this variable, but with a different name
     such as `_sys_siglist'.  On these systems, you can define
     `sys_siglist' as a macro which expands into the name actually
     provided.

`NO_STAB_H'
     Define this if your system does not have the include file
     `stab.h'.  If `USG' is defined, `NO_STAB_H' is assumed.

   In addition, configuration files for system V define `bcopy',
`bzero' and `bcmp' as aliases.  Some files define `alloca' as a macro
when compiled with GNU CC, in order to take advantage of the benefit of
GNU CC's built-in `alloca'.